Software Engineering and Novel Programming Essay

Software Engineering and Novel Programming - Essay Example After thorough research done by software engineers and some independent programmers some of the programming languages like BASIC, Pascal etc., were developed. After realizing the importance of using software technologies government agencies in collaboration with private sector companies started development research in programming languages. Companies like IBM, Microsoft, Apple, etc., realized very early what the future holds for them. They quickly grabbed the opportunity and invested heavily on software engineering research. The final result was huge. Many programming languages like C, FORTRAN, COBOL, etc., came into the picture. It's the research and analysis done by the scientists and programmers in software engineering yielded fruitful results in the development of different programming languages, which became more and more user friendly. The main purpose of these programming languages was to develop applications that could be used in everyday life. The researches involved finding potential problems in programming languages and resolving them. The researchers found the flexibility of a language enables it to be used by more clients. Another important factor probably the most important one is the cost. If the final product is expensive there will be only few takers for it. Therefore research has been done to create cost effective applications by using programming languages. ... It saves time and very cost effective. Another important feature developed by the researchers was reverse engineering. In reverse engineering the work is done from final stage to the initial stage. The main purpose of reverse engineering is to extract the code from the final product, working on the final product to the scratch. By using reverse engineering technique one can extract their competitors application and introduce own application in the market accordingly.Today programming languages are termed as procedural programming languages, Object-Oriented programming languages and visual programming languages. Procedural languages like C, FORTRAN etc. uses top down approach in programming. Microsoft Windows 95 and 98 were programmed in C. Visual programming languages like Visual Basic were mostly based graphical user interface (GUI). Since they were very user friendly they became very popular. Object-Oriented Programming languages (OOP's) like C++, Java etc., uses bottom up approach . Java is based on OOP's concepts. It uses bottom up approach. Sun Microsystems developed Java. The OOP's concepts are one of the important features of Java. These concepts are classes, objects, message passing, data encapsulation, data abstraction, polymorphism and inheritance. These are the result of research done by programming experts. Compared to C++, applications created by using Java runs very slowly. Because of the absence of pointers creating viruses in Java is not possible. Java can be simply described by Java buzzwords developed by the Java team. The buzzwords are simple, secure, portable, object-oriented, robust, multithreaded, architecture-neutral, interpreted, high performance,

Devil's Tower National Monument Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Devil's Tower National Monument - Research Paper Example The Devil’s Tower National Monument is comprised of red rocks. The red colored stones are known as dark red sandstone and maroon siltstone. A thin layer of white gypsum is seen above the red spearfish rocks. Yellow sandstones as a result of Sundance formation, which are very delicate, can be seen on the vertical cliffs which surround the tower. A river runs under the feature. This landmark is made up of polygonal columns, which make up its striking features. The bigger columns narrow from the base 6-8 feet in diameter to about 4 feet at the pinnacle (Britton & Tamara, 4). This feature is located at Crook County, in north eastern Wyoming. It is situated in The United States of America. This attraction feature is a laccolith or ingenious intrusion in the black hills next to Hulett and Sundance. It is above the river known as Belle Fourche (Ludmer, 38). The Devil’s Tower has a fabulous significance to the plains tribes, which are more than twenty in native tribes. These tribes viewed this feature as a sacred zone (Britton & Tamara, 4). They used this section for sacred activities, including worship, rituals, and sacrifices. These native tribes have a sacred legend concerning the origin of this landmark. These native tribes have special names for this monument they include; bear’s tipi, bear’s lodge, bear’s house, bears peak, and bear’s lair among many more names.The most basic maps concerned with this area named this monument â€Å"bear lodge†. They named it after the terms the natives of the region were using. In 1875, Colonel Dodge guided a survey group to the black hills. The surveyors misunderstood the description given by the natives concerning this area. They translated it as â€Å"Bad God’s Tower†. Dodge reported this expedition area as the Devil’s Tower; this na me has stuck ever since (Gunderson, 66). Origin of the Tower The origin of this landmark has been a debatable issue among geologists from time immemorial since its discovery. Geologists believe that this tower was formed by intrinsic intrusion activities. They believe that this attraction was formed by the forced entry of magma amid various rocks. The debatable issue is how the formation process happened and if the magma reached the surface of the earth region. Geologists have estimated the age of this amazing monument to be more than 50 million years. The work of erosion led to the visibility of this Tower. Before the action of erosion, this monument could not be seen above the sedimentary rocks covering it (Monroe, James, and Reed, 102). Erosion action, mostly water resulted into wearing off of the fine grained sandstones and gray- green shales on top of and in the region of the geologic feature. The tough igneous rock layers of this landmark resisted the action of erosion, result ing into gray columns above the surrounding scenery. Rain and snow continually erode the sedimentary rocks around the base of the monument. The debris is then carried by the Belle Fourche River to other locations. This eroding activity results into further exposition of the Devil’s Tower National Monument